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Here we are now at the middle of the fourth large part of this talk.Pepe Deluxeget nowheremore quotes
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buy artwork Snellen eye chart — physical constants by Martin Krzywinski
VISIONS OF TYPE | Put my typographical posters on your wall. (buy artwork / see all my art)
The 2014 π Day art draws circles and folds paths and explores the Feynman Point. It's all quite hypnotic.
See how much you can see with my modern interpretation of the Snellen eye chart. Test yourself with mathematical operators, physical constants, chemical elements and nautical flags. There's even a version for the sightless.
The charts use my SnellenMK optotype font.

Visions of Type

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The last lines of the plays of William Shakespare by Martin Krzywinski
THE FINAL WORDS | The last lines of all Shakespeare plays. (buy artwork / see all my art)

the type of man with the best words

This section celebrates the words of William Shakespeare.

If you love letters in just the right combination, these pages, the art is for you. If you like to delve into the words yourself, use my plain-text annotated version of all his plays.

The posters are available for purchase.

1 · Last Lines of All 37 Plays of Shakespeare

I've decided to remove all punctuation except ampersands in the titles of plays. Because who doesn't love ampersands?

The last line of Henry IV Part II is the one by Lancaster ("Come, will you hence?") instead of the Dancer's epilogue line ("before you; but, indeed, to pray for the queen.").

And now let's go hand in hand, not one before another.
— Dromio of Ephesus (A Comedy of Errors)

And Robin shall restore amends.
— Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)

We were dissever'd: hastily lead away.
— Leontes (A Winter's Tale)

Your gentle hands lend us, and take our hearts.
— King (All's Well That Ends Well)

High order in this great solemnity.
— Octavius Caesar (Antony and Cleopatra)

kind offer, when I make curtsy, bid me farewell.
— Rosalind (As You Like It)

Yet he shall have a noble memory. Assist.
— Aufidius (Coriolanus)

Ere bloody hands were wash'd, with such a peace.
— Cymbeline (Cymbeline)

Go, bid the soldiers shoot.
— Prince fortinbras (Hamlet)

Let us not leave till all our own be won.
— King Henry IV (Henry IV Part I)

Come, will you hence?
— Lancaster (Henry IV Part II)

In your fair minds let this acceptance take.
— Chorus (Henry V)

If they hold when their ladies bid 'em clap.
— King Henry VIII (Henry VIII)

But I will rule both her, the king and realm.
— Suffolk (Henry VI Part I)

And more such days as these to us befall!
— Warwick (Henry VI Part II)

For here, I hope, begins our lasting joy.
— King Edward IV (Henry VI Part III)

To part the glories of this happy day.
— Octavius (Julius Caesar)

If England to itself do rest but true.
— Bastard (King John)

Shall never see so much, nor live so long.
— Albany (King Lear)

Apollo. You that way: we this way.
— Adriano de Armado (Love's Labours Lost)

Whom we invite to see us crown'd at Scone.
— Malcolm (Macbeth)

What's yet behind, that's meet you all should know.
— Duke Vincentio (Measure for Measure)

So sore as keeping safe Nerissa's ring.
— Gratiano (Merchant of Venice)

For he tonight shall lie with Mistress Ford.
— Ford (Merry Wives of Windsor)

Strike up, pipers.
— Benedick (Much Ado About Nothing)

This heavy act with heavy heart relate.
— Lodovico (Othello)

New joy wait on you! Here our play has ending.
— Gower (Pericles)

In weeping after this untimely bier.
— Henry Bolingbroke (Richard II)

That she may long live here, God say amen!
— Richmond (Richard III)

Than this of Juliet and her Romeo.
— Prince (Romeo and Juliet)

'Tis a wonder, by your leave, she will be tamed so.
— Lucentio (Taming of the Shrew)

Let your indulgence set me free.
— Prospero (The Tempest)

Let our drums strike.
— Alcibiades (Timon of Athens)

That like events may ne'er it ruinate.
— Lucius (Titus Andronicus)

And at that time bequeathe you my diseases.
— Pandarus (Troilus and Cressida)

And we'll strive to please you every day.
— Clown (Twelfth Night)

One feast, one house, one mutual happiness.
— Valentine (Two Gentlemen of Verona)


2 · Parsing Shakespeare

Using my plain-text annotated version of all of his plays, pulling out the last lines is trivial at the command line.

# last lines in a play are annotated with -p flag
> grep -w "\-p" shakespeare.all.plays.plain.text.txt | cut -d "|" -f 1,14
A_Comedy_of_Errors | And now let's go hand in hand, not one before another.
A_Midsummer_nights_dream | And Robin shall restore amends.
A_Winters_Tale | We were dissever'd: hastily lead away.
Alls_well_that_ends_well | Your gentle hands lend us, and take our hearts.
Antony_and_Cleopatra | High order in this great solemnity.
As_you_like_it | kind offer, when I make curtsy, bid me farewell.
Coriolanus | Yet he shall have a noble memory. Assist.
Cymbeline | Ere bloody hands were wash'd, with such a peace.
Hamlet | Go, bid the soldiers shoot.
Henry_IV_Part_1 | Let us not leave till all our own be won.
Henry_IV_Part_2 | before you; but, indeed, to pray for the queen.
Henry_V | In your fair minds let this acceptance take.
Henry_VI_Part_1 | But I will rule both her, the king and realm.
Henry_VI_Part_2 | And more such days as these to us befall!
Henry_VI_Part_3 | For here, I hope, begins our lasting joy.
Henry_VIII | If they hold when their ladies bid 'em clap.
Julius_Caesar | To part the glories of this happy day.
King_John | If England to itself do rest but true.
King_Lear | Shall never see so much, nor live so long.
Loves_Labours_Lost | Apollo. You that way: we this way.
Macbeth | Whom we invite to see us crown'd at Scone.
Measure_for_measure | What's yet behind, that's meet you all should know.
Merchant_of_Venice | So sore as keeping safe Nerissa's ring.
Merry_Wives_of_Windsor | For he tonight shall lie with Mistress Ford.
Much_Ado_about_nothing | Strike up, pipers.
Othello | This heavy act with heavy heart relate.
Pericles | New joy wait on you! Here our play has ending.
Richard_II | In weeping after this untimely bier.
Richard_III | That she may long live here, God say amen!
Romeo_and_Juliet | Than this of Juliet and her Romeo.
Taming_of_the_Shrew | 'Tis a wonder, by your leave, she will be tamed so.
The_Tempest | Let your indulgence set me free.
Timon_of_Athens | Let our drums strike.
Titus_Andronicus | That like events may ne'er it ruinate.
Troilus_and_Cressida | And at that time bequeathe you my diseases.
Twelfth_Night | And we'll strive to please you every day.
Two_Gentlemen_of_Verona | One feast, one house, one mutual happiness.
news + thoughts

Ishihara's Tests for Colour Deficiency

Sun 08-03-2026

Authentic and accurate images of Ishihara's test plates photographed (and lovingly color-corrected) from the 38-plate Ishihara's Tests for Colour Deficiency.

I also provide the position, size, and color of each circle on each test plate.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
ISHIHARA'S TEST PLATE 6 | This plate is part of the set of transformation plates. If you see 5, you're ok. If you see 2, you're not. (details)
Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
ISHIHARA'S TEST PLATE 18 | This plate is part of the set of mysterious hidden plates. If you don't see anything, you're ok. If you see 5, you're not. (details)

Symmetric alternatives to the ordinary least squares regression

Wed 23-07-2025

What immortal hand or eye, could frame thy fearful symmetry? — William Blake, "The Tyger"

This month, we look at symmetric regression, which, unlike simple linear regression, it is reversible — remaining unaltered when the variables are swapped.

Simple linear regression can summarize the linear relationship between two variables `X` and `Y` — for example, when `Y` is considered the response (dependent) and `X` the predictor (independent) variable.

However, there are times when we are not interested (or able) to distinguish between dependent and independent variables — either because they have the same importance or the same role. This is where symmetric regression can help.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
Nature Methods Points of Significance column: Symmetric alternatives to the ordinary least squares regression. Geometry of quantities minimized in OLS and symmetric regression. OLS minimizes `\Sigma e_y^2` in `Y` ~ `X` and `\Sigma e_x^2` `X` ~ `Y`. Pythagorean regression minimizes AB (magenta). Geometric means regression (GMR) minimizes area of ABP (orange). Orthogonal regression (OR) minimizes HP (blue). (read)

Luca Greco, George Luta, Martin Krzywinski & Naomi Altman (2025) Points of significance: Symmetric alternatives to the ordinary least squares regression. Nat. Methods 22:1610–1612.

Beyond Belief Campaign BRCA Art

Wed 11-06-2025

Fuelled by philanthropy, findings into the workings of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have led to groundbreaking research and lifesaving innovations to care for families facing cancer.

This set of 100 one-of-a-kind prints explore the structure of these genes. Each artwork is unique — if you put them all together, you get the full sequence of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins.

Propensity score weighting

Mon 17-03-2025

The needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few. —Mr. Spock (Star Trek II)

This month, we explore a related and powerful technique to address bias: propensity score weighting (PSW), which applies weights to each subject instead of matching (or discarding) them.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
Nature Methods Points of Significance column: Propensity score weighting. (read)

Kurz, C.F., Krzywinski, M. & Altman, N. (2025) Points of significance: Propensity score weighting. Nat. Methods 22:638–640.

Happy 2025 π Day—
TTCAGT: a sequence of digits

Thu 13-03-2025

Celebrate π Day (March 14th) and sequence digits like its 1999. Let's call some peaks.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
2025 π DAY | TTCAGT: a sequence of digits. The digits of π are encoded into DNA sequence and visualized with Sanger sequencing. (details)
Martin Krzywinski | contact | Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences CentrePHSA
Google whack “vicissitudinal corporealization”
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