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yes + no

Yes or No

Always just answers

Your answer is
no
Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
yoda
too impatient, this one is
This answer is 3.1 days old.
I want another answer Whenever you're ready.

1 · We have answers for you

Do you want free answers to your problems presented in a clear and concise manner? Read on.

It doesn't matter whether you're arguing with your partner, friend, pet, or yourself. We can help.

Simply put: we provide answers to your problems.

How do we do it? Through our insightful knowledge of

  • different types of problems
  • different types of answers
  • linear congruent method

we can confidently present an answer to your questions. It's hard to believe, I know!

The best part? Well, other than the right answers, of course. Our service is free! We provide answers at absolutely no charge. We don't want your money — we want you on your way with an answer in hand.

1.1 · What can I expect?

Why, answers of course. Your answer will appear in the following form

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca

The correct course of action (YES, NO or MAYBE) will be presented one of many style.

1.2 · Can I trust the answer

We're confident that our answers are 100% correct.

Just read this testimonial — others have already been answered. You can be be next!

My son just finished a course in statistics. He tried to explain all this linear stuff to me, but I just couldn't wrap my mind around it. Your service is so much easier to use than reading a book.
—Bob R

1.3 · I'm ready for the answer

Be prepared, though. Using our service may lead you down the correct road quickly, efficiently and with time to spare. You may be surprised.

When you're ready, focus on the question you want to have solved and hit the I WANT AN ANSWER button above.

1.4 · I already got an answer

Congratulations! Use it well.

Our records show that you have already received an answer of NO, which is 3.1 days old.

This answer is stale — answers are good for only 5 minutes.

Never use a stale answer. Instead, consider getting a new answer — but make sure you first have a problem. Answers without problems cannot be retroactively applied.

1.5 · I need more answers

Don't we all. You can obtain an answer every 5 minutes.

Even if it feels like you can't wait — you can.

2 · Our method

Finding answers to your problems — that's what we do.

It's not easy, especially when you consider the variety of problems we deal with.

That's why we use the linear congruent method in computing answers. Without burdening you with technicalities (those mathematicians sure like to make things sound complicated!), we have selected this method because

  • the linear congruent method scales favourably with the number of problems — we can answer many problems without investing in expensive hardware
  • “linear” is a common synonym for “straight”. We give you the straight answer.
  • it is “congruent”, meaning that it corresponds to the right answer.

3 · Our service

We provide answers to you free of charge. Our rewards come from solving your problems — every time.

So far, we have generated 888 answers. Each one as correct as the next.

Below is a sample answer. Do not use this answer to solve a problem. If you want a real answer, hit the I WANT AN ANSWER button above.

news + thoughts

Happy 2025 π Day—
TTCAGT: a sequence of digits

Thu 13-03-2025

Celebrate π Day (March 14th) and sequence digits like its 1999. Let's call some peaks.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
2025 π DAY | TTCAGT: a sequence of digits. The digits of π are encoded into DNA sequence and visualized with Sanger sequencing. (details)

Crafting 10 Years of Statistics Explanations: Points of Significance

Sun 09-03-2025

I don’t have good luck in the match points. —Rafael Nadal, Spanish tennis player

Points of Significance is an ongoing series of short articles about statistics in Nature Methods that started in 2013. Its aim is to provide clear explanations of essential concepts in statistics for a nonspecialist audience. The articles favor heuristic explanations and make extensive use of simulated examples and graphical explanations, while maintaining mathematical rigor.

Topics range from basic, but often misunderstood, such as uncertainty and P-values, to relatively advanced, but often neglected, such as the error-in-variables problem and the curse of dimensionality. More recent articles have focused on timely topics such as modeling of epidemics, machine learning, and neural networks.

In this article, we discuss the evolution of topics and details behind some of the story arcs, our approach to crafting statistical explanations and narratives, and our use of figures and numerical simulations as props for building understanding.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
Crafting 10 Years of Statistics Explanations: Points of Significance. (read)

Altman, N. & Krzywinski, M. (2025) Crafting 10 Years of Statistics Explanations: Points of Significance. Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application 12:69–87.

Propensity score matching

Mon 16-09-2024

I don’t have good luck in the match points. —Rafael Nadal, Spanish tennis player

In many experimental designs, we need to keep in mind the possibility of confounding variables, which may give rise to bias in the estimate of the treatment effect.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
Nature Methods Points of Significance column: Propensity score matching. (read)

If the control and experimental groups aren't matched (or, roughly, similar enough), this bias can arise.

Sometimes this can be dealt with by randomizing, which on average can balance this effect out. When randomization is not possible, propensity score matching is an excellent strategy to match control and experimental groups.

Kurz, C.F., Krzywinski, M. & Altman, N. (2024) Points of significance: Propensity score matching. Nat. Methods 21:1770–1772.

Understanding p-values and significance

Tue 24-09-2024

P-values combined with estimates of effect size are used to assess the importance of experimental results. However, their interpretation can be invalidated by selection bias when testing multiple hypotheses, fitting multiple models or even informally selecting results that seem interesting after observing the data.

We offer an introduction to principled uses of p-values (targeted at the non-specialist) and identify questionable practices to be avoided.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
Understanding p-values and significance. (read)

Altman, N. & Krzywinski, M. (2024) Understanding p-values and significance. Laboratory Animals 58:443–446.

Depicting variability and uncertainty using intervals and error bars

Thu 05-09-2024

Variability is inherent in most biological systems due to differences among members of the population. Two types of variation are commonly observed in studies: differences among samples and the “error” in estimating a population parameter (e.g. mean) from a sample. While these concepts are fundamentally very different, the associated variation is often expressed using similar notation—an interval that represents a range of values with a lower and upper bound.

In this article we discuss how common intervals are used (and misused).

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
Depicting variability and uncertainty using intervals and error bars. (read)

Altman, N. & Krzywinski, M. (2024) Depicting variability and uncertainty using intervals and error bars. Laboratory Animals 58:453–456.

Martin Krzywinski | contact | Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences CentreBC Cancer Research CenterBC CancerPHSA
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