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Here we are now at the middle of the fourth large part of this talk.Pepe Deluxeget nowheremore quotes
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yes + no

Yes or No

Always just answers

Your answer is
yes
Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
meat lover
dig in
This answer is 10.1 days old.
I want another answer Whenever you're ready.

1 · You have problems

We have answers to your problems. You may be wondering where all these problems are coming from. Well, it's pretty simple actually.

Experts agree that we are bombarded with a increasing amount of information with each passing day. Praised by the industry, the “innovation” of email has caused only a small increase in corporate productivity. What is the cost of this invention? A sharp decline in personal happiness.

1.1 · Source of your problems

Research has determined that 93% of all emails contain at least one question mark. Furthermore, an average person receives 10-15 emails per day. Therefore, an average person receives 10–15 questions per day!

Added to any problems that arise during the day that could total over 20 problems. Since the number of problems is inversely proportional to happiness, these data paint a disturbing picture. What can we do? Indeed, the situation is bleak.

1.2 · Your partner can't help you

Reduced time spent in personal interaction adds to the problem.

Recent studies show that the average couple talks 4 minutes per day. Consider this: if your partner helps you solve only 50% of your problems, that still leaves only 4 minutes for 10 problems. In other words, you have 24 seconds to

  • state your problem
  • allow them to formulate and present a response
  • offer a rebuttal, and
  • present your thanks
  • repeat 9 more times

Obviously, such tight timing cannot be practically achieved. Even under controlled conditions, laboratory studies show that volunteers engaged in such activity show symptoms of burnout after addressing only 14 problems, on average.

What's more, it's known that 90% of communication is done through body language. Since it's very difficult to answer complex questions with your body, we can assume that the actual amount of verbal time remaining to solve a problem is not 24 seconds but 2.4 seconds!

1.3 · What can you do?

What can you do? The numbers conspire against you. Things are obviously not your fault. Email is here to stay and with a busy schedule you'll be doing even less talking in the days to come. How do you solve your problems and stay ahead? Simple - use our linear congruent problem solver.

2 · We have answers

We have answers because we have a lot of problems. The overwhelming number of problems has taught us how to generate germane answers quickly and efficiently.

The purpose of the yesorno service is to

  • offer answers to problems, thereby
  • increasing personal happiness
  • lowering the fraction of time spent in problem-solving activities
  • centralize problem-solving facilities
  • address a variety of issues, not limited to queries of a geopolitical, economic, philosophical and scientific nature
  • decrease the effect of consequences arising from incorrect answers by providing a simple iterative approach of obtaining additional answers

2.1 · Interpreting answers

Getting the answer is crucial. Interpreting and acting accordingly can be a challenge in itself. Therefore we provide a comprehensive lookup table to offer an interpretation of our answer and help you assess the correct course of action.

When you receive an answer from yesorno, look it up in the second column of the table. The text in that row corresponds to different outcomes, depending on the true answer. Of course, you do not know the true answer (if you did, you wouldn't be using our service), you are well on your way to solving your problem with our answer.

universal best course of action
yes no maybe
our answer yes Our methods have correctly determined that affirmative action is the correct route. Hold your course and reap the rewards. This is a rare opportunity to experience what most do not attempt. We encourage you to be adventurous, daring, and cavalier. The universe does not currently support experimental verification of this course of action. In its paradigm, quantum mechanics uses superposition of states, interpreted as both yes and no states simultaneously, but such states are not observables. Although we provide the answer for you, you must wait until the universe becomes compatible with these kinds of predictions.
no While others may be tempted to act, we urge caution and healthy skepticism. This is a good time to stand back and reconsider or take up a new hobby. General truths in this case are negative and you are certain to avoid them. Others will fail where you will persevere. Not to act is an action.
maybe Although to us the answer is clear, the time is not right to reveal it. Consider your current situation and act accordingly. See this as a chance to gain perspective on an old problem. You naturally wish to act, motivated by the momentum of past successes. Take caution. Looking in the rear view mirror can often tell you where you are going (not only when going backwards). We cannot fit the explanation of this combination here. For the time being, you are to consider the probability of this combination infinitely small

3 · Answers without problems

If you have received an answer from our yesorno service but have not formulated a question in your mind, the answer is lost.

Do not under any circumstance attempt to retroactively apply the answer to a problem which you have cognitively visualized after the answer is given.

Simply put, such action contravenes the accepted causality laws of relativistic information transfer.

We cannot accept any responsibility about the correlation between your problem, our answer and the universal best course of action in this instance.

4 · Our accuracy

Our linear congruent answer generation method is a quantitative approach and such estimates can be computed. We find that the accuracy level is on avearge 33% for spent answers.

However, in individual cases the accuracy ranges as high as 100%.

5 · Stale answers

For reasons we don't quite understand ourselves, it seems that our answers are good for only 5 minutes after they are generated.

After this time, they become stale.

Never use a stale answer. Instead, consider getting a new answer — but make sure you first have a problem. Answers without problems cannot be retroactively applied.

5.1 · Your current answer

Our records show that you have already received an answer of YES, which is 10.1 days old.

This answer is stale — answers are good for only 5 minutes.

Never use a stale answer. Instead, consider getting a new answer — but make sure you first have a problem. Answers without problems cannot be retroactively applied.

news + thoughts

Symmetric alternatives to the ordinary least squares regression

Wed 23-07-2025

What immortal hand or eye, could frame thy fearful symmetry? — William Blake, "The Tyger"

This month, we look at symmetric regression, which, unlike simple linear regression, it is reversible — remaining unaltered when the variables are swapped.

Simple linear regression can summarize the linear relationship between two variables `X` and `Y` — for example, when `Y` is considered the response (dependent) and `X` the predictor (independent) variable.

However, there are times when we are not interested (or able) to distinguish between dependent and independent variables — either because they have the same importance or the same role. This is where symmetric regression can help.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
Nature Methods Points of Significance column: Symmetric alternatives to the ordinary least squares regression. Geometry of quantities minimized in OLS and symmetric regression. OLS minimizes `\Sigma e_y^2` in `Y` ~ `X` and `\Sigma e_x^2` `X` ~ `Y`. Pythagorean regression minimizes AB (magenta). Geometric means regression (GMR) minimizes area of ABP (orange). Orthogonal regression (OR) minimizes HP (blue). (read)

Luca Greco, George Luta, Martin Krzywinski & Naomi Altman (2025) Points of significance: Symmetric alternatives to the ordinary least squares regression. Nat. Methods 22:1610–1612.

Beyond Belief Campaign BRCA Art

Wed 11-06-2025

Fuelled by philanthropy, findings into the workings of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have led to groundbreaking research and lifesaving innovations to care for families facing cancer.

This set of 100 one-of-a-kind prints explore the structure of these genes. Each artwork is unique — if you put them all together, you get the full sequence of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins.

Propensity score weighting

Mon 17-03-2025

The needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few. —Mr. Spock (Star Trek II)

This month, we explore a related and powerful technique to address bias: propensity score weighting (PSW), which applies weights to each subject instead of matching (or discarding) them.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
Nature Methods Points of Significance column: Propensity score weighting. (read)

Kurz, C.F., Krzywinski, M. & Altman, N. (2025) Points of significance: Propensity score weighting. Nat. Methods 22:638–640.

Happy 2025 π Day—
TTCAGT: a sequence of digits

Thu 13-03-2025

Celebrate π Day (March 14th) and sequence digits like its 1999. Let's call some peaks.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
2025 π DAY | TTCAGT: a sequence of digits. The digits of π are encoded into DNA sequence and visualized with Sanger sequencing. (details)

Crafting 10 Years of Statistics Explanations: Points of Significance

Sun 09-03-2025

I don’t have good luck in the match points. —Rafael Nadal, Spanish tennis player

Points of Significance is an ongoing series of short articles about statistics in Nature Methods that started in 2013. Its aim is to provide clear explanations of essential concepts in statistics for a nonspecialist audience. The articles favor heuristic explanations and make extensive use of simulated examples and graphical explanations, while maintaining mathematical rigor.

Topics range from basic, but often misunderstood, such as uncertainty and P-values, to relatively advanced, but often neglected, such as the error-in-variables problem and the curse of dimensionality. More recent articles have focused on timely topics such as modeling of epidemics, machine learning, and neural networks.

In this article, we discuss the evolution of topics and details behind some of the story arcs, our approach to crafting statistical explanations and narratives, and our use of figures and numerical simulations as props for building understanding.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
Crafting 10 Years of Statistics Explanations: Points of Significance. (read)

Altman, N. & Krzywinski, M. (2025) Crafting 10 Years of Statistics Explanations: Points of Significance. Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application 12:69–87.

Martin Krzywinski | contact | Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences CentrePHSA
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