Feel the vibe, feel the terror, feel the pain • Hooverphonic • Mad about you, orchestrally. • more quotes
very clickable
data visualization + art
If you like space, you will love this. The 2017 π Day art imagines the digits of π as a star catalogue with constellations of extinct animals and plants. The work is featured in the article Pi in the Sky at the Scientific American SA Visual blog.
If you like space, you'll love my the 12,000 billion light-year map of clusters, superclusters and voids. Find the biggest nothings in Boötes and Eridanus.The largest map there is shows the location of voids and galaxy superclusters in our visible universe.

Sky Constellation Shapes and Resources

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from an undefined
place,
undefined
create (a place)
an account
of us
— Viorica Hrincu

Having recently drawn a few skycharts (Superclusters & Voids, Sanctuary Project), I was frustrated by the lack of parsable resources for the Constellations. Not being able to find a plain-text parsable definition of the constellation figures proved impossible, I created my own.

Quotes on this page are from my conversation with the folks at Sky & Telescope and IAU.

1 · Detailed sky chart

I've also created detailed charts that include all the 9,110 stars in the Yale Catalogue of Bright Stars. These are labeled by their Greek designation with the constellation as well as with their IAU name.

Sky Constellations Shapes and Resources / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
▲ A closeup of the detailed map in the region of Auriga and Perseus. The Pleiades can be seen at the bottom right.

The maps also show all 110 Messier objects, labeled by their index and, where available, a common name. All the labels in these maps have been lovingly adjusted manually to avoid ambiguity and overlap. Available are blue, black and white background versions.


 / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca buy artwork
▲ Sky chart with all 9,110 BSC stars, 88 constellations and all 110 Messier objects. Where available, objects are labled with their common name. Also shown are the galactic equator and the ecliptic. (BUY ARTWORK)

 / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca buy artwork
▲ Sky chart with all 9,110 BSC stars, 88 constellations and all 110 Messier objects. Where available, objects are labled with their common name. Also shown are the galactic equator and the ecliptic. (BUY ARTWORK)

 / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca buy artwork
▲ Sky chart with all 9,110 BSC stars, 88 constellations and all 110 Messier objects. Where available, objects are labled with their common name. Also shown are the galactic equator and the ecliptic. (BUY ARTWORK)
news + thoughts

Chromosomes — music, genomes, split-flaps

Wed 14-10-2026

A short electronic music concert based on structures of chromosomes 21, Y and 1.

Each track uses a microtonal scale derived from the cytogenetic band positions of the chromosome. Rhythms are based on relative lengths of cytogenetic bands.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
▲ CHROMOSOMES | Genomes, split-flaps, music. (watch)
music
Gregory Coles
voice
Hannah Iqbal
concept & animation
Martin Krzywinski
thanks to
John Dupuis

Consequences of missing data

Fri 04-09-2026

Either I've been missing something or nothing has been going on. —Karen Elizabeth Gordon

Missing data are everywhere. Subjects may decline to participate in a survey or fail to answer sensitive questions. A cell culture might fail due to contamination. Instrument failures or mishandling of a sample may lead to missing observations. But why are missing data a problem?

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
▲ Nature Methods Points of Significance column: Consequences of missing data. (read)

This month, we begin a series of articles about practical and statistical aspects of missing data. We'll see that missing data can increase variability and introduce bias and we will ask whether anything can be done to mitigate these consequences. It turns out that, in the case where we know nothing about the missing subjects, no mitigation is possible. We must accept higher variability and, if we have a suspicion that the missing subjects aren’t completely random, possible bias as well.

Tanujit Dey, T., Lipsitz, S.R., Fitzmaurice, G., Krzywinski, M. & Altman, N. (2026) Points of significance: Consequences of missing data. Nat. Methods 23:1661–1663.

Double Robustness

Mon 04-05-2026

It is not certain that everything is uncertain. —Blaise Pascal

We have already explored how we can mitigate bias caused by confounding variables in observational studies using propensity score (PS) matching (PSM) and propensity score weighting (PSW). However, any statistical model is only as good as its assumptions and, if it is specified incorrectly, it can itself produce biased estimates of the treatment effect.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
▲ Nature Methods Points of Significance column: Double Robustness. (read)

This month, we explore double robustness, a powerful statistical concept that provides a valuable “safety net” against the risk of an incorrect model. It offers two opportunities, instead of just one, to obtain a valid estimate of the treatment effect — making it possible to draw credible causal inferences from observational data without having to depend on a single set of modeling assumptions.

Kurz, C.F., Krzywinski, M. & Altman, N. (2026) Points of significance: Double Robustness. Nat. Methods 23:868–869.

Nature Biotechnology cover

Thu 23-04-2026

My cover design on the 7 April 2026 Nature Biotechnology issue shows the dendrogram that represents a cluster of uniquely expressed (or downregulated) genes in human naive stem cells induced from such cells. Within each dendrogram block, the genomic barcode sequence (sampled from Supplementary Table 1) is depicted with a Code 39 barcode. The highlighted barcode is one of those used for cell isolation.

Ishiguro S. et al. A multi-kingdom genetic barcoding system for precise clone isolation (2026) Nature Biotechnology 44:616–629.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
▲ My Nature Biotechnology phylogenetic tree cover (volume 44, issue 4, 7 April 2026). (more)

Browse my gallery of cover designs.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
▲ A catalogue of my journal and magazine cover designs. (more)

Happy 2026 π Day—
Art for the 5%

Fri 13-03-2026

Celebrate π Day (March 14th) and enjoy the art — but only if you're part of the 5%.

Go ahead, see what you can't see.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
▲ 2026 π DAY | Art for the 5%. Shown in the style of Ishihara color test plates, the art is visible only to those with colour blindness. (details)

Ishihara's Tests for Colour Deficiency

Sun 08-03-2026

Authentic and accurate images of Ishihara's test plates photographed (and lovingly color-corrected) from the 38-plate Ishihara's Tests for Colour Deficiency.

I also provide the position, size, and color of each circle on each test plate.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
▲ ISHIHARA'S TEST PLATE 6 | This plate is part of the set of transformation plates. If you see 5, you're ok. If you see 2, you're not. (details)
Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
▲ ISHIHARA'S TEST PLATE 18 | This plate is part of the set of mysterious hidden plates. If you don't see anything, you're ok. If you see 5, you're not. (details)
Martin Krzywinski | contact | Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre ⊂ PHSA
Google whack “vicissitudinal corporealization”