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data visualization + design
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Obesity — a Data Story

Rescuing nuanced pattterns from the clutches of a bad graphic

“This figure may give you a migrane”

Sometimes, I get emails that look like this

   Sent: Monday, July 29, 2019 at 07:59
   From: Jasleen Grewal
Subject: This figure may give you a migrane

As you can see, 100% of the graphs are ineffective.
BMI and prevalence for 185 countries by Martin Krzywinski / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
Each ring plot shows the fraction of population with a BMI ≥ 25 in a country. A page from Atlas der Globaliesierung: Welt in Bewegung, by Stefan Mahike (2019)

Here, I wanted to take you through my reaction to the figure, which was quick, and the redesign, which wasn't quick.

text labels — it's a hard life

I'm always on the lookout for abused text. So here I cried. A lot.

BMI and prevalence for 185 countries by Martin Krzywinski / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
A large fraction of labels either barely fit or don't fit. Some are hyphenated and some of those still don't fit. A page from Atlas der Globaliesierung: Welt in Bewegung, by Stefan Mahike (2019)

strangely structured legend

Do we really need a footnote inside the legend? The globe? The hyphenated "Body-Mass-Index". By this point, I really could feel that migrane.

BMI and prevalence for 185 countries by Martin Krzywinski / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
For a simple encoding, the legend is quite complex. From a page from Atlas der Globaliesierung: Welt in Bewegung, by Stefan Mahike (2019)

here's the graphic — now what?

What question's does this figure answer? Here's my list, with answers.

1. How many countries are there in the world? A lot.

2. What is the range of BMI ≥ 25 prevalence? 18—89.

3. Who has the lowest and highest prevalence? Vietnam and Nauru.

4. What is the median prevalence? Probably 55 and answering this is only made easy by the fact that the book's spine splits the plot into largely two equal halves

5. What is the prevalence where I live (e.g. Canada)? I gave up trying to find "Kanada".

Essentially, the two-page figure of ring charts is equivalent to the summary

BMI and prevalence for 185 countries by Martin Krzywinski / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
This figure answers the same questions as the two-page spread for all but the most patient.

critique by redesign

It's obvious what's wrong with the figure. How do you fix it?

Using the list of countries by body mass index, I created a poster that tells interesting stories about how high BMI and obesity vary across countries and genders.

I describe the design and stories in the poster in the design section.

BMI and prevalence for 185 countries by Martin Krzywinski / Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
My redesign of the original figure showing preBMI ≥ 25 and obesity prevalence in 185 countries.
news + thoughts

Happy 2026 π Day—
Art for the 5%

Fri 13-03-2026

Celebrate π Day (March 14th) and enjoy the art — but only if you're part of the 5%.

Go ahead, see what you can't see.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
2026 π DAY | Art for the 5%. Shown in the style of Ishihara color test plates, the art is visible only to those with colour blindness. (details)

Ishihara's Tests for Colour Deficiency

Sun 08-03-2026

Authentic and accurate images of Ishihara's test plates photographed (and lovingly color-corrected) from the 38-plate Ishihara's Tests for Colour Deficiency.

I also provide the position, size, and color of each circle on each test plate.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
ISHIHARA'S TEST PLATE 6 | This plate is part of the set of transformation plates. If you see 5, you're ok. If you see 2, you're not. (details)
Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
ISHIHARA'S TEST PLATE 18 | This plate is part of the set of mysterious hidden plates. If you don't see anything, you're ok. If you see 5, you're not. (details)

Symmetric alternatives to the ordinary least squares regression

Wed 23-07-2025

What immortal hand or eye, could frame thy fearful symmetry? — William Blake, "The Tyger"

This month, we look at symmetric regression, which, unlike simple linear regression, it is reversible — remaining unaltered when the variables are swapped.

Simple linear regression can summarize the linear relationship between two variables `X` and `Y` — for example, when `Y` is considered the response (dependent) and `X` the predictor (independent) variable.

However, there are times when we are not interested (or able) to distinguish between dependent and independent variables — either because they have the same importance or the same role. This is where symmetric regression can help.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
Nature Methods Points of Significance column: Symmetric alternatives to the ordinary least squares regression. Geometry of quantities minimized in OLS and symmetric regression. OLS minimizes `\Sigma e_y^2` in `Y` ~ `X` and `\Sigma e_x^2` `X` ~ `Y`. Pythagorean regression minimizes AB (magenta). Geometric means regression (GMR) minimizes area of ABP (orange). Orthogonal regression (OR) minimizes HP (blue). (read)

Luca Greco, George Luta, Martin Krzywinski & Naomi Altman (2025) Points of significance: Symmetric alternatives to the ordinary least squares regression. Nat. Methods 22:1610–1612.

Beyond Belief Campaign BRCA Art

Wed 11-06-2025

Fuelled by philanthropy, findings into the workings of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have led to groundbreaking research and lifesaving innovations to care for families facing cancer.

This set of 100 one-of-a-kind prints explore the structure of these genes. Each artwork is unique — if you put them all together, you get the full sequence of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins.

Propensity score weighting

Mon 17-03-2025

The needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few. —Mr. Spock (Star Trek II)

This month, we explore a related and powerful technique to address bias: propensity score weighting (PSW), which applies weights to each subject instead of matching (or discarding) them.

Martin Krzywinski @MKrzywinski mkweb.bcgsc.ca
Nature Methods Points of Significance column: Propensity score weighting. (read)

Kurz, C.F., Krzywinski, M. & Altman, N. (2025) Points of significance: Propensity score weighting. Nat. Methods 22:638–640.

Martin Krzywinski | contact | Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences CentrePHSA
Google whack “vicissitudinal corporealization”
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